38% of mortgage holders don't know their interest rate

 
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Homeowners may be missing out on the chance to save up to thousands of dollars a year through refinancing, a new Bankrate survey found.

Only 19% of homeowners reported refinancing mortgages that they obtained prior to the pandemic since the beginning of the outbreak, according to the report.

Forty-seven percent of homeowners reported not considering refinancing their mortgages, a surprising finding considering record-low interest rates in the US.

Average mortgage rates have been rising slightly since hitting all-time lows last year, though they still remain well below previous years’ averages. As such, refinancing rates have been abnormally cheap; some mortgages haverefinancing rates below 3% or even 2%.

“Thirty-eight percent of homeowners with a mortgage do not know their current interest rate,” the survey found, “making it impossible for them to know if they could benefit from refinancing.”

Homeowners who do not devote the time and effort into discovering their interest rates may be missing out on a valuable money-saving opportunity, the Bankrate report noted.

“I think it’s sort of out of sight, out of mind,” said Bankrate.com chief financial analyst Greg McBride in a recent interview with Yahoo Finance. Many homeowners signed contracts years ago and no longer remember their rates.

Curiously, the age demographic most likely to refinance their mortgage, millennials, was also the one most likely to be unaware of mortgage rates — 54% of millennials did not know their rates, the highest of any generation, despite a survey-high 28% of them reporting having refinanced their pre-pandemic loans. Only 17% of Gen Xers (ages 41-56) and baby boomers (ages 57-75) each reported refinancing pre-pandemic mortgages.

“My concern is the high level of millennial borrowers that don't know their rate; they could be oblivious to a tremendous opportunity that currently exists.”

A good rule of thumb for homeowners, he said, is that “if interest rates are half a percentage point or more below what you’re currently paying, you may be in a position to profitably refinance.”

After the pandemic, housing prices rose substantially, producing the hottest housing market in years.

“It can generate a pretty substantial amount of savings every month,” McBride said. “Refinancing a mortgage can cut your payments by $100, $200, or even $300 a month. Well that’s tantamount to a pay raise. That’s real money. Particularly at a time when households are being bombarded by rising costs on virtually everything else, that money’s gotta come from somewhere.”

Money from refinancing is commonly used to fund home improvements, debt consolidation, regular household bills, tuition payments, or other investment opportunities, according to the Bankrate survey results.

Thirty-two percent of those who have not refinanced pointed to lack of expected savings as the most important reason for their decision. Twenty-seven percent pointed to high closing costs/fees associated with refinancing.

Although fees can be costly, certain recent policy changes in the housing market have made it less so.

“One fee that was assessed on the majority of mortgages, beginning last year, has been eliminated,” McBride said. “The Federal Housing Finance Agency had been assessing a fee equal to half a percentage point of the loan amount guaranteed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. That fee has since been repealed.”

Additionally, the current housing market is a more suitable environment for refinancing. “The run-up in home prices has made it such that the majority of borrowers refinancing are able to roll those costs into their loan, rather than paying those out of pocket,” McBride added.

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Baby Boomers Are Uniquely Poised to Cash in Big on Their Homes

 
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Home prices have been on a tear lately, rising 18% in just the last year.

It has homeowners sitting on unprecedented amounts of equity — about $8.1 trillion of it, in fact. According to Black Knight, the average homeowner gained 11% in tappable equity during just the first quarter of this year.

Though homeowners of all ages can leverage this equity and sell for big profits, it’s baby boomers like Patti and Mike who are uniquely poised for gains. These homeowners have often lived in their homes for decades and, in many cases, paid off their mortgages completely.

“Every single friend of mine, all of their parents are calling me, asking ‘Dana, what should we do?’” says Dana Bull, a real estate agent with Sagan Harborside Sotheby’s International Realty in Marblehead, Massachusetts. “They know they’ve got a unique opportunity where their properties have appreciated so much to a point that they never even thought possible in their lifetime.”

Are you a baby boomer wondering how to best use your rising home equity? Here are your options.

Selling is likely first to mind for many older homeowners. According to ATTOM Data Solutions, the average home seller makes a whopping $94,500 in profits these days — up more than $34,000 since just last year.

Those profits can help boomers achieve any number of financial goals, from padding their nest eggs or making investments to buying a new house or even retiring early.

“This age is a sweet spot because they’re starting to think about retirement and getting a certain dollar amount in the sale of their home can expedite their retirement,” Bull says. “It can bring them to that next chapter in life and give them financial cushioning that they never thought possible.”

According to a survey from Realtor.com, around 12% of baby boomers plan to sell their homes in the next year — a larger share than any other generation surveyed. Many of those sellers will choose to rent, opting for lower-maintenance apartments or townhomes. Others will buy but downsize, like Patti and Mike, or use the funds to move closer to grandkids or to sunnier locales.

If you choose to buy, agents say proceed with caution: By going this route, you’ll face the same high prices you just capitalized on. Supply is also limited in most housing markets, so you may find yourself with few homes to choose from — not to mention some stiff competition.

“This is a smart time for older homeowners to sell their home — but only if they have a clear plan of where they are going,” says Glenn Phillips, CEO at Lake Homes Realty in Hoover, Alabama. “The challenge is that, while they may get a premium for their current home, they will also pay a premium for their next home while also facing very limited choices. To sell fast without a clear plan could end up being costly over the long term.”

Another option is to rent in a 55-and-up, senior or independent living community. For those not wanting a long-term commitment, options like Brightview — a resort-style senior living community with locations across the East Coast — allow you to stay on a month-by-month basis.

“We know life can change in an instant,” says Denise Manifold, vice president of sales at the company.

Turn your equity into cash — without selling

Selling your house isn’t the only way to capitalize on the hot housing market. You can also tap your equity using financial products like home equity loans, home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) or a cash-out refinance.

These allow you to turn a portion of your equity into cash, which you can then use for virtually anything — medical bills, paying off debts or even aging-in-place renovations on your property.

Going this route also allows you to avoid the potential taxes you’d face on your home sale. For married couples, you’ll pay capital gains taxes on any profits over $500,000. For single homeowners, the threshold is just $250,000.

“Tapping into your home equity for necessary or unexpected expenses can be a great way to create short-term liquidity without having to sell your investments and realize a capital gain or loss,” says Gabrielle Clemens, an accredited estate planner and managing director at Clemens Private Wealth Management in Boston.

“You can use the funds to pay off high-interest credit card debt, remodel your home with features to help you age in place, delay filing for Social Security until you qualify for a higher benefit, buy long-term care insurance, help grandchildren with college tuition or pay the tax bill,” she says.

Still, while useful, home equity loans, HELOCs and refinances all require a monthly payment, something retirees — or anyone on a limited income, for that matter — might be hesitant to take on. If a payment sounds unappealing in your case, you can also look at options like a reverse mortgage or equity-sharing agreement.

With equity sharing, you essentially sell off a portion of your home’s equity, getting a lump sum in return. According to Rachel Keohan, head of marketing at equity-sharing company Hometap, it’s “a great option for accessing their home equity for a variety of uses without taking on debt.” Companies like Hometap gets paid a percentage of profits when the home eventually sells.

Consider a reverse mortgage — but take care

Reverse mortgages may be another route to consider — at least if you’re 62 or older. These work like a mortgage loan, only backward. With these loans, the lender pays you — often monthly, and then collects the total balance plus interest once you die or sell the house.

According to Steve Resch, vice president of retirement strategies at Finance America Reverse, now is a particularly good time to get a reverse mortgage if it suits your goals.

“The proceeds that you can get from a reverse mortgage is determined by the homeowner’s age, the value of the property and the interest rates,” Resch says. “So, we’ve got record-high home values and record-low interest rates, which means a borrower can really get a tremendous amount of money — much more so than they could just a couple of years ago.”

You can also use a reverse mortgage to buy a new house entirely, something Joshua Ezell, a real estate broker with Breakthrough Real Estate & Property Management in Phoenix, often recommends to his clients.

“Utilizing a reverse mortgage allows a buyer to purchase a nicer or larger home and keep more money in the bank,” Ezell says. “It also has the added benefit of also not having a house payment.”

If you do opt for a reverse mortgage, be careful about how you structure your payments, as there are many choices. You want to avoid running out of proceeds too early. You’ll also need to continue covering property taxes, insurance and other costs, or risk losing the home to foreclosure. Talk to a financial advisor if you’re considering a reverse mortgage of any kind. They can walk you through the full implications and risks of these products, as well as how one may impact your retirement goals.

The time is now

Whatever you decide to do, experts say you should make your move fast. Recent data shows for-sale inventory is rising (at least slightly), and when you throw in slowing demand from burned-out buyers, it seems the red-hot market may soon be cooling off.

“We are seeing people accelerate their plans to take advantage of the market,” says Rick Ruvin, a partner at Falk Ruvin Gallagher Real Estate in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin. “In many markets, sanity is returning, and the level of competition is softening. Prices tend to rise, plateau and then fall. Many are sensing we are headed into a plateau phase.”

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Millennials are buying more homes — after moving back in with their parents

 
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When Jann Ton and Martin Wong began house-hunting in the Bay Area, it wasn’t size or location that was at the top of their worries.

“Can we afford this?” Wong asked himself. “I don’t even care what the house looks like.”

Even before getting engaged last year, the East Bay couple had been anxiously budgeting, unsure if buying a house in one of the priciest regions in the nation was feasible. In August, the median house price for a home in the Bay Area was $1.3 million, according to the California Association of Realtors — with mortgage payments that are more expensive than renting and a stretch for two young professionals. In the end, it was possible, but not without some number crunching and serious doubt.

Those concerns are particularly pronounced for Millennials like Ton and Wong, with claims by some economists that they’ve fallen behind other generations in financial standing. But while previous research indicated that Millennials may be too poor to own homes, more adults in their 20s and 30s are beginning to dip their toes in the housing market. And, for many, it’s coming after moving back in with their parents.

The National Association of Realtors also reported this year that 28% of younger Millennials lived with parents, other family members or friends right before purchasing a home.

This is higher than any other generation,” a briefing of the report said, attributing it to young adults trying to save for a down payment as they were looking for a home.

Ton and Wong are among them, having just closed on a property this summer.

“We were not planning on moving back home initially,” Ton said. But when COVID-19 hit, the couple’s housing plans with friends fell through. Moving back in with each of their parents in the East Bay seemed like a good, temporary plan — a rare opportunity for family time in the midst of pandemic uncertainty.

And while it meant being separated from each other, there were some financial perks to make up for it: No commuting costs, thanks to remote work. No work lunches. And no more Bay Area rental rates, which is annually ranked as one of the highest in the country.

“Being able to stay at home really helped us out,” Ton said, noting that they were able to buy a home three to four years earlier than they had budgeted. “I think it put us in a really strong purchasing position.”

The couple isn’t alone, joined by a generation of other young adults who were forced into the same situation over the course of the pandemic. In July 2020, Pew Research reported that 52% of young adults were living at home with their parents, a jump from the 46% reported in January earlier that year. It was the first time that census data recorded more adults ages 18-29 living with their parents instead of with roommates, partners or on their own, the study said.

And similar to Ton and Wong, the path back to childhood homes has allowed many Millennials to gain better financial footing. A 2020 study by Bank of America found that Millennials were saving more than ever before — 73% of respondents said they were able to add to their savings during the pandemic, up 10% from two years ago. Nearly 40% said that they were able to boost their credit score, and 27% said they were able to reduce their spending during the pandemic.

“I think it’s also because we couldn’t do anything (during the pandemic),” Ton said. She also attributes their increased savings to social distancing measures, which led to a dramatic drop in consumer spending. “Expenses that went away with lockdown really put us in a better financial position.”

It’s a stark turnaround from previously recorded data, which suggested Millennials had some of the poorest spending habits and credit scores compared to previous generations. Despite making up 22% of the population, the Federal Reserve reported that Millennials owned a little over 5% of all U.S. wealth last year. A 2016 report by TransUnion also found that 43% of Millennials said they had subprime credit, and a 2019 study by Bankrate found 58% of Millennials were turned down for a loan — although that number was cut nearly in half in 2020.

Those numbers are part of the reason Millennials have had the lowest homeownership rates relative to other generations, although they now make up the largest share of the housing market, representing 37% of homebuyers.

“I think it was the case that the Millennial generation was hit rather hard and for a long time by the financial crisis (in 2008) and the Great Recession that came afterwards,” said James Wilcox, a professor of economic analysis and policy at UC Berkeley. He points out that many Millennials graduated in one of the poorest job markets of the decade, peaking at 16.2% unemployment for young workers in 2010.

But despite the recession that slugged them in the prior decade, Wilcox thinks that COVID-19 — and the exodus that resulted from it — was a game changer for some, particularly Millennials who had a stable income. With scant opportunity to spend their paychecks in a remote world and some of the lowest mortgage rates in the past 50 years, it was a sign for many to head home and begin moving into the housing market themselves, as Wong and Ton did.

“I think many (Millennials) may have been putting home ownership off,” Wilcox said. “And when all of a sudden mortgage rates went under 3% and they still had jobs and were saving more, I think we saw … some catch-up from the past and some telescoping of future demand. Adults who said, ‘Well, we’re going to buy a house sometime in the next few years, but a 3% mortgage rate and a job that doesn’t require me to be close to downtown?’ Makes it time to move to the ’burbs.”

T he improved homeownership rates are a sign that Millennials are beginning to settle into adulthood, although Ton admits that the process of saving up at her parents’ home hasn’t come without its struggles.

“I respect that it is their home and I do follow their rules, but I have to answer the five Ws every time I go out,” Ton said, referring to who, what, when, where, why.

Despite some of its challenges, Ton and Wong have called the past year and half a valuable experience — more home-cooked meals, more time with the family, as well as the family dogs. And most important, it’s led to the couple settling into their own space in the East Bay. Under a fixed mortgage, they say it’s a relief to no longer have to worry about San Francisco’s rising rent prices.

“It feels surreal,” Ton said. “Overall, we have no regrets with how things turned out.”

Keep reading on Apple News.

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Ungardening: The Latest Trend in the Gardening World

 
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It’s fairly common to find invasive species and non-native plants in garden centers, and while they might look pretty—bittersweet gets festive red berries with orange shells in the fall—these plants aren’t great for our local ecosystems.

That’s where “ungardening” comes in. We spoke to an ecologist about how this new gardening movement can help reverse ecological decline and build habitats for local wildlife, and it turns out that it’s perfect for anyone with a laissez faire gardening style (like me!).

What Is Ungardening, Exactly?

The concept of ungardening, sometimes also called “rewilding,” encourages you to let go of your perfectly manicured flower beds and lawn, and instead, embrace native species and let things get a little wild.

“Ungardening is the concept of using the ideas and techniques of natural land management and restoration in our own yards, instead of the conventional landscape methods,” explains Aubree Keurajian, an ecologist and the owner of Ungardening Native Plants in Connecticut. “This includes planting native species, removing invasive species, and stopping the use of pesticides, but it goes further, bringing the focus to creating habitat not just for pollinators, but for lots of beneficial organisms.”

So instead of using a non-native grass for your lawn (we’re looking at you, Bermudagrass!), which will likely require weed killers and lots of water, ungardening would encourage you to let a native grass variety, clover, or another native ground cover take over. Or, instead of altering your soil to grow specific varieties of flowers, choose native blooms that will thrive without any amendments or pesticides.

The end result is a more eco-friendly habitat that’s every bit as beautiful: “When done properly, gardening can help to reverse ecological decline and create a welcoming enviornment for pollinators and wildlife,” says Keurajian. “If you find joy in any part of nature, be it plants, insects, mushrooms, birds, or anything else, ungardening an area will undoubtedly bring more of it into your life.”

Not sure you’re ready to hand your whole property over to Mother Nature? Start small! “It doesn't have to be an all or nothing process,” Keurajian says. “You can start ungardening just a small portion of your property while maintaining more conventional flower and veggie gardens and even lawn area.”

Wait, So What Are These Invasive Species?

One of the key steps of ungardening is kicking invasive species to the curb—but what does that term mean, exactly? An invasive species is any plant (or animal, or insect) that’s introduced to a non-native area—a.k.a. somewhere it wouldn’t be on its own. When left unchecked, invasive species often become overpopulated, and they can negatively alter the new environment, such as the way bittersweet, a plant native to China, causes strife in North America.

“Many plant species that are invasive now were introduced intentionally for the garden industry, many horticulturally, but some culinarily and agriculturally, as well,” says Keurajian. “Three of the most common ornamental species that are actually invasive are burning bush, privet, and barberry, but there are dozens of others.” She notes that what’s considered invasive will largely depend on where you live.

Here’s How To Get Started Ungardening

Personally, I have a laidback gardening style and tend to let my gardens do what they want, so ungardening sounds right up my alley. If you want to try it out yourself, Keurajian breaks down the key steps of ungardening as follows:

  • Remove any invasive species

  • Stop the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and nutrient amendments

  • Allow native species that grow on their own to remain

  • Create insect habitat by leaving areas of open soil, dead wood, leaves, and stems

  • Allow for the natural pace and fluctuations of natural restoration processes.

It may seem a little overwhelming, but you don’t have to do it all at once. “The first place to start is with removing invasive species and stopping the use of broadcast pesticides and herbicides,” she recommends. “Use local resources to determine what species are invasive in your area. There are plenty of introduced species that play fairly well with others, and there's no need to bite off more than you can chew. ”

“Next, designate an area that you want to ungarden, and just let things grow! Manage invasive species and trim the edges to keep up appearances if you want, but otherwise let the plants and critters do what they want and just observe.” As new greenery springs up your ungarden, Keurajian recommends using the Seek by iNaturalist app to help with plant identification.

When you embrace this more natural way of landscaping, you’ll likely find that Mother Nature is a wonderful gardener, and local birds, insects, and other critters are sure to appreciate your efforts, too.

Read more about ungardening.

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Maximize passive income with 3 easy real estate investment strategies

 
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Real-estate investors have one thing in common: they want to generate income.

And for many, the more passively they can generate that income, the better.

Creating a stream of passive-income (which requires minimal effort for an investor to actively maintain) is a widely held goal by those who seek to keep money coming in after their initial investment.

Collecting rent is the classic example, but there are options besides landlording, like REIT and tax lien investing, which investors can use to start generating profits. The point is to generate streams of income that don't require extensive effort from the investor themself. 

In the US, real-estate ownership has long represented financial freedom and the opportunity to build generational wealth — in a Gallup survey published in 2019, 35% of 1,012 US adults polled said real estate was the best way to build wealth. 

Compared with other asset classes, real estate can have the strongest long-term growth potential. Expected annual total returns on apartment investments have fluctuated between 6 and 15% since 2012, according to the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, while over the same period, the S&P 500 had an annualized return of about 10%. In 2019, one-year returns on REITs were 20%, outperforming all other asset classes, per data from National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts.

With that in mind, Insider outlined a handful of investment strategies that make it easy for beginners to get started investing in real estate, according to real-estate pros and "clever investor" Cody Sperber, who started investing in real estate with no money to his name and has now done hundreds of millions in deals.

Investors can generate passive income in a variety of ways, depending on just how involved they want to be in the process and how much time and capital they have to invest. 

Tax lien investing

When you purchase a home, you're required to pay property taxes. And if a property owner defaults on those taxes, Sperber said, the city government can make a legal claim — or "lien" — against the property for the amount owed.

That's where a tax lien investor can step in.

For the city to recover the money the property owner hasn't paid, the city sells tax lien certificates to investors. The delinquent homeowners then have a period of time — usually 120 days — to pay the investor the tax, penalties, and interest owed, Sperber said. If they fail to pay off the delinquent amount, the investor can foreclose on the lien and take possession of the property. 

That said, tax lien investing most often occurs on single family homes, Sperber said, and works best in smaller markets, often returning an interest rate between 4% and 6%.

It's a strategy Sperber said is a good way for beginner investors to start out if they don't have deep pockets, too. 

The 'subject to'

"Subject-to" investing is purchasing a property subject to the existing mortgage that is already in place.

Essentially, this is when an investor comes in and makes back payments for a homeowner who is behind on their payments, as opposed to the home falling into foreclosure. The original owner then deeds the property to the investor and moves out — often to downsize into a more affordable living space — while leaving the loan in place and the property under the investor's ownership.

It's an investing strategy ideal for investors low on capital, Sperber said, adding that buyers in this situation aren't formally assuming the loan. The terms of the original note stay the same, including the name in which the loan was purchased. And the buyer takes on the responsibility of making sure the mortgage is paid on time until it's renovate and resell the property.

An average return for a "subject-to" investment is hard to give, according to Sperber, who said profits could differ greatly depending on expenses at hand. 

REITs

Real Estate Investment Trusts, or REITs, are companies that own, operate, or finance income-producing real estate ventures. And investing in them can be a good way for rookie investors to create passive income from real estate.

Publicly traded REITs offer investors a liquid way to invest in real estate without having to buy or manage property themselves, Insider previously reported.

So instead of owning individual buildings, REITs allow investors to make investments in a mutual-fund-style model.

As of the first quarter of 2021, the average 25-year return for private commercial real estate properties held for investment purposes was 10.3%, outperforming the S&P 500 Index's 9.6%, according to the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF). Residential real estate investments averaged a return of 10.3% as well, according to Investopedia.

Investors can find value if they know where to look for it. Jussi Askola, the president of the boutique investment-research firm Leonberg Capital, told Insider in November that the REITs with the most potential during the 2020 economic downturn included those within the apartment, mobile-home, and manufactured-home sectors. REITs with properties appropriate for industrial or e-commerce use could do well too, he said. 

Keep reading on Business Insider.

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